Symetroscope



.P- N. WILLIAMS.

SYMETROSCOP E. APPllCATlON FILED APR. 7, 1920.

1 31335,,990 I Patented Nov. 211 1922;

2 SHEETSSHEET I.

WITNESSES:

A7 TOR/l/E Y P. vN. WILLIAMS:

SYMETROSCOPE. APPLICATION FILED APR. 7, 1920.

1,435,998,, mm N W.'211, 1922.

2 SHEEIS-SHEET 2.

WITNESSES Patented Nov. 21, 19 22..

UNLTEE PERCY NORMAN WILLIAIIIS, OF NEW' YORK, N. Y.

To aZZ whom it may concern Be it known that I, Pnnor NoRMAN 1L- LIAMS, a citizen of the United States, and resident of New York city, county of New York, and State of New York, have invented an Improvement in Symetroscopes, of which the following is a specification.

My invention has for its object, the provision of means which may be employed by 10 the dentist in definitely determining to what extent the teeth of persons are out of proper position, and secondly, what treatment is required to place them in their correct positions.

For convenience, I have designated my apparatus as an odontometer and as having in its makeup a portion to be known as the symetroscope, the function of which being primarily to determine the median line of the upper jaw of the live subject and to sub-- sequently have recorded upon a card the outlines of the buccal sides of the occlusal surfaces of the teeth of the live subject, as shown by a plaster east, through the use of a portion of the odontometer to be known as the odontograph, whereby the defective relation of the teeth to the median line may be definitely determined and corrected. In practice, with my improved instrument, I 0 first prick or perforate a record card by the use of the symetroscope, then prick or perforate a second record card by use of the odontog'raph to record the outlines. buccal. edges or the boundaries. of the occlusal sunfaces of the teeth as embodied in the plaster cast, and finally position the latter card upon the former with the pricks corresponding to the first permanent molars in juxtaposition and thereafter trace from the odontograph record card the full outlines of the teeth upon the symetroscope record card.

While I have described and illustrated the odontometer in its complete form, embodying both the symetroscope and odontograph, the claims of this application are restricted to the symetroscope portion thereof, the structure of the odontograph forming subject matter of Patent Number 1,340,354, granted to melt fay 20th, 1920.

My invention consists of improvements in the symetroscope hereinafter described whereby the above stated objects and results are attained, said improvements comprising: certain organization and combination of Divided and this application filed April 7,

parts which are fully described hereinafter and more particularly defined in the claims.

Referring" to the drawings: Fig. 1 is front elevation of my improved odontome ter; Fig. 2 is a plan View of the adjustable syinetroscopc bow attachment therefor, and Fig. 52 is a front view of the same; Fig. 3 is a side elevation of my improved odontometer shown in Eig. 1; and 4: is a sec tional view on line et-d of Fig. 8, showing the lower portion of the instrum nt in plan.

2 is the base, having at one end a fixed up right post 3, and at the other end an adjustable clamp 29. The odontometer or instrument consists of two principal parts. The upper part is detachable and for convenience may be called the symetroscope and the lower part the odontograph. Thesymetroscope consists of a bow 32 of metal, as shown in Fig. 2, so bent or shaped that when adjusted to the head, it passes from one ear forward across the front of the mouth and back to the car on the other side of the head, th end of said bow having: bearings 33 and clamping screws 36. On the ends of this how and adjustable in the bearings 38 thereof, I provide rods 34 having at their adjacent ends cones or knobs 35. These rods 34 are adjustable to fit the cones to the ears of the subject and are then secured in place upon the bow ends by the clamping screws 36. In this manner the bow is adjusted firmly to the head of the subject. it the part of the bow which extends in front of the mouth are arranged three blocks 37 which may be adjusted along the bow and clamped in position by screws 38. These blocks 3'? are provided with horizontal holes through which rods pass. The center block carries the rod ll and the two outer or lateral blocks carry the rods 39. These rods and 41 may be adjusted longitudinally in the blocks 37 and clamped in positions of adjustment by screws 0. The ends of these rods and 41 are provided with perforating heads P (Fig.3). It will be observed that not only are the rods 39 and ll adjustable longitudinally relatively to the bow, but they may swing upward or downward at the ends because of the hinge connection of the blocks 37 with the how 32. These rods and their blocks are also adjustable sidewise to permit positioning them as may be required. The purpose of these rods 39 and 4:1 is for locating the center of the face of the subject and the relative positions of the upper first permanent molars.

In using the symetroscope, the bow is first applied to the head of the subject, as above described, and the rods 39 are adjusted on the bow so that the points P are positioned in the main groove of the upper first permanent molars and clamped in position and similarly the rod a1 is adjusted to the corn ter of the jaw between the front incisors and clamped in position. This instrument is then removed from the subject.

After the record has been taken in the above manner by the bow and its parts, the symetroscope is transferred to the horizontal arms 3 at thetop of the perpendicular post 3 (Fig. 1) whose ends are provided with sockets 3 into which the cones 35 of the symetroscope are adjusted. A table 27 extends horizontally from and is adjustable vertically upon the post 3 and held in position by a clamping screw 28 which may fit into a groove 8 in the post to prevent the table turning about the post as a center. This table has a transverse guide edge 27' against which a card may be placed, said card clamped to the table in any suitable manner. The symetroscope will be supported upon the arms 3 and the perforating ends of its arms 39 and 11 resting upon the card on the table 27. In this manner the record card will have its base parallel to the arms 3 and while in this position the three points P of the rods 39 and 41 are pricked into the card. A pencil or other line is now drawn from the center hole thus pricked into the card by means of a drawing square resting against the edge 27 and insuring a ruling edge at right angles to the horizontal transverse arms 3. This line, so drawn, will correspond to the center of the face projected back through the center of the roof of the mouth and constitute the median line of the jaw. The work with the symetroscope part of the instrument is now completed.

I will now describe the odontograph of the instrument. A plaster cast of the upper jaw of the subject is then made, and placed in position in the clamp 29, so as to present the impressions of the occlusal surfaces of the teeth in an upward direction.

ing about the post. 9 is a carriage adjustable horizontally upon and beneath the table 6 and movable to and from the post 3. The carriage is provided with a rack 10, (Fig.

This plaster cast is clamped between the abut- 3), which is moved by a pinion 11 (Fig. l), rotated by a shaft 12 and hand wheel 13. This carriage is provided with a transverse guide 1 1 and screw 16 prov ided with an ad ust-mg hand wheel 17. 10 is a slide head guided in guide 14c and moved by the screw 16 transversely to the table 6. The head 15 is provided with a long horizontal frame 18, one end extending over the clamp 29 and the other over the table (Figs. 1 and The end of the frame 18 over the clamp 29 is provided with a vertical guide 20 through which extends a pointed rod 21 having a shoulder 23 to limit the upward movement. A spring 22, surrounding the rod 21 tends to normally hold it in an elevated position. The other end of the frame 18 is likewise provided with a vertical guide 20 through which a perforating rod 21 extends and normally held in elevated position clear of the table 6 by spring 25.

When the table 6 and attachments are adjusted vertically to suit the plaster cast, the operation is as follows: The frame or carriage 9 is adjusted until the pointer 21 is over the buccal groove of the upper first permanent molar, as may be indicated in the plaster cast 12 (Fig. 3), and then with a small mallet the perforating rod 24 is struck and a prick is made in the card which is placed upon the table 6 and held thereon in any suitable manner. By means of the rack, pinion and adjusting screw, the car riage is moved causing the pointer rod 21 to be brought successively over various portions of the plaster cast to enable a series of pricks to be made on the card, until an outline of each tooth on its outer surface is transferred to the record card. Thepoints thus pricked are subsequently connected by pen and ink lines. This pricking may be confined to the outer or buccal boundaries of the tooth or may be extended also to the labial. side, if so desired.

The record card so made of the plaster cast on the odontograph is now brought into juxtaposition with the record card as made by the symetroscope portion of the instrument, and by placing the pricks indicating the buccal grooves. of the upper first permanent molars as made by the odontograph directly over the prick holes indicating the buccal grooves of the first permanent molars, as made by the symetroscope and pricking through the odontograph card into the symetroscope card, I. am enabled to bring the outline of the teeth, as indicated by the plaster cast, into relation with the median line, as indicated by the symetroscope record card. In this manner, I am enabled, with the use of my instrument, to find the relation of the teeth in a live subject to the true medial line running through the roof of the mouth; and having thus determined which teeth are out of proper position, the

dentist may thereafter intelligently operate upon the live teeth to place them in their correct positions.

F or the purpose of the symetroscope, the parts 2, 5, 3 and 3" may be considered as a main frame, that is to say. a frame having a table for supporting the card to be pricked and lateral arms or supports to wiich the how 32 of the symetroscope is to be hinged. It will. be understood that the general construction of this main frame may be varied so long as it supports the card and the bow in suitable relation as for the purposes intended.

It will now be apparent that I have devised a novel and useful. construction which embodies the features of advantage enumerated, and while I have in the present instance shown and described the preferred embodiment thereof which has been found in practice to give satisfactory and reliable results, it is to be understood that I do not restrict myself to the details, as the same are susceptible of modification in various particulars without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a device of the character stated, a main frame having transverse arms and a table whose surface is in a plane parallel to a line through the ends of the transverse arms, combined with a bow-shaped frame having pivoting ends adjustable to the ends of the transverse arms of the main frame whereby the bow may swing thereon, and a plurality of adjustable pointers secured to the bow shaped frame at a distance from the pivotal portions thereof and said pointers having marking ends arranged to extend over the table and movable to and from the table by oscillations of the bow shaped frame.

2. The invention specified in claim 1, wherein separate clamping means are provided for each of the pointers whereby they are independently adjustable both longitudinally and transversely with respect to the bow-shaped frame.

3. The invention specified in claim 1, wherein means for securing the pointers upon the bow shaped frame, comprises clamping devices which are independently adjustable upon the bow-shaped frame bot-h longitudinally and. laterally and have also an adjustable capacity about a transverse axis whereby their ends may be raised or lowered.

4:. The invention specified in claim 1, wherein the ends of the transverse arms of the main frame are provided with sockets and the bow-shaped frame is provided with oppositely directed and relatively adjustable arms having their ends shaped for engagement with the sockets whereby the bow frame is hingedly supported so that it may swing vertically relatively to the table.

5. The invention according to claim 1, wherein supporting means are provided for carrying the table and said means adjustable relatively to the main frame whereby the table be adjusted relatively to and from the transverse arms.

6. In a device of the character stated, a table and transverse arms having sockets in alinement parallel to the table, combined with a bow-shaped frame having its ends respectively provided with oppositely directed hinge rods hingedly fitted in the sockets whereby the bow-shaped frame is adjustable relatively to the table, said hinge rods in alinement and relatively adjustable whereby they are detachably adapted with respect to the sockets and also to the ears of the live subject, and a plurality of longitudinally and laterally adjustable pointer rods carried by the bow shaped frame and adapted to be adjusted to the teeth of the live subject, and also to extend over the table when the bow shaped frame is applied to the said sockets.

7. In a device of the character stated, a main frame, combined with a table adjustably connected to the main frame, a bow- .shaped frame having ends adapted for connection with the main frame whereby it is relat vely positioned with respect to the table and alSO whereby it is adapted for positioning upon the ears of the live subject, a plurality of adjustable pointers secured to the bow-shaped frame and having marking ends arranged to extend over the table, the said bow-shaped frame and table connected in respect to the main frame whereby they may have a relative motion with respect to each other.

In testimony of which invention, I hereunto set my hand.

PER-CY NORMAN WILLIAMS. 

